Information Management Issues :: Internet Web Computers Essays

Information Management Issues Too Much Information? The core problem of information management seems to be overload: determining the existence and location of resources in the chaotic repository that is the Internet, trying to learn the nuances of different software, retrieving far too many hits. However, some people question whether the problem really is overload. It may actually be the multiplicity of communication channels. Unlike earlier eras, new technologies are not replacing but adding to the host of media choices (Gilster 1997). The Web has simply removed natural barriers between people and information they would otherwise never see, and information now comes directly at us from multiple directions. Unfortunately, most traditional information management practices are too linear and specific: they were pipes developed for a stream, not an ocean (Alesandrini 1992). Perhaps the issue is not too much information, but information that is not usable or meaningful. To master information you must understand the relationship between data, information, and knowledge: data are raw facts and figures, information is data organized into a meaningful context, and knowledge is organized data (i.e., information) that have been understood and applied. A resource such as the Internet requires the user to build content from its vast resources (Gilster 1997). People may perceive overload because the information they receive does not fit into their current mental models for understanding the world. A constructivist approach - interpreting new information in terms of existing knowledge structures and revising those structures accordingly - can help move those "analog" models into the digital world (ibid.). I've Got to Keep Up! The twin demons of speed and quantity create an artificial sense of urgency: with e-mail, voice mail, fax, and the Web, continuous streams of data are possible 24 hours per day at work, at home, and during the commute between. The consensus of many sources is to forget about keeping up. Focus instead on what you really need to know and for what purpose, and understand that the question will evolve as you gather information. Ideal information is current, timely, and sufficient for the task at hand, not necessarily "complete" (Lively 1996). The goal of information seeking should be finding the answers to personally meaningful questions. It's All on the Web. One myth rapidly taking hold is that the World Wide Web is a one-stop source for all information needs and the secret to information management is in knowing how to navigate it. Information Management Issues :: Internet Web Computers Essays Information Management Issues Too Much Information? The core problem of information management seems to be overload: determining the existence and location of resources in the chaotic repository that is the Internet, trying to learn the nuances of different software, retrieving far too many hits. However, some people question whether the problem really is overload. It may actually be the multiplicity of communication channels. Unlike earlier eras, new technologies are not replacing but adding to the host of media choices (Gilster 1997). The Web has simply removed natural barriers between people and information they would otherwise never see, and information now comes directly at us from multiple directions. Unfortunately, most traditional information management practices are too linear and specific: they were pipes developed for a stream, not an ocean (Alesandrini 1992). Perhaps the issue is not too much information, but information that is not usable or meaningful. To master information you must understand the relationship between data, information, and knowledge: data are raw facts and figures, information is data organized into a meaningful context, and knowledge is organized data (i.e., information) that have been understood and applied. A resource such as the Internet requires the user to build content from its vast resources (Gilster 1997). People may perceive overload because the information they receive does not fit into their current mental models for understanding the world. A constructivist approach - interpreting new information in terms of existing knowledge structures and revising those structures accordingly - can help move those "analog" models into the digital world (ibid.). I've Got to Keep Up! The twin demons of speed and quantity create an artificial sense of urgency: with e-mail, voice mail, fax, and the Web, continuous streams of data are possible 24 hours per day at work, at home, and during the commute between. The consensus of many sources is to forget about keeping up. Focus instead on what you really need to know and for what purpose, and understand that the question will evolve as you gather information. Ideal information is current, timely, and sufficient for the task at hand, not necessarily "complete" (Lively 1996). The goal of information seeking should be finding the answers to personally meaningful questions. It's All on the Web. One myth rapidly taking hold is that the World Wide Web is a one-stop source for all information needs and the secret to information management is in knowing how to navigate it.

People, Organisation and Management

| |Case Study: | |The Comparative analysis of LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola | |Company | | Contents Introduction 3 Question 4 Teamwork and Teamworking 5 Organisational Design and Structure 9 Organisational Culture 14 Conclusion 17 Reference 18 Introduction LawrieTech. com is one of the software engineering companies in Scotland, which is developing and supplying software system for controlling electricity supply. LawrieTech. om has 240 employees who service clients in 13 countries, which are include US, France and India. Coca-cola Company is the largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups in the world. Finished beverage products bearing their trademarks, sold in the US since 1886, are now sold in more than 200 countries. Question Read the two organizational case studies and provide a comparative analysis of them in written essay format. In particular the areas of comparison should cover the main topics as below: 1. Teamwork and Teamworking 2. Organizational Design and Structure 3. Organizational Culture 1. Teamwork and Teamworking Team is a combination of people within an organisation with skills, who are working together to achieve desired goal. Teamwork is the activity of working well together as a team with a collective of individual skills, talents and effects. There are four types of teams have been identified in LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola Company. One of the team that had been identified is self-managed team, which also known as autonomous team. Team is empowered to make decision about planning and scheduling of work, allocating tasks, controlling quality of work and evaluating performance which is essential to manage them on daily basis. Both LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola Company exist in self-managed team. Staffs of LawrieTech. com are â€Å"expected to liaise directly with clients and have a mandate to do what it takes to find solutions to their clients’ problems†. LawrieTech. com has to ensure members of teams are in theâ€Å"†¦right mix of skills and capabilities in order to meet the very exacting demands of clients†. According to McClelland’s acquired needs of power theory, members will have a mandate to control other persons, to influence their behaviour, and to be responsible for other people to fulfill their needs and self-satisfaction. Hence, â€Å"staff turnover is minimal and every year LawrieTech. com is inundated with the CVs of eager young graduates†. Coca-Cola Company is a large company which has â€Å"†¦axed 6,000 employees†. Coca-Cola will be an autonomous team because they are given authority to re-design structure and make decisions that adapt to the country’s culture and needs. Coca-Cola produces over 300 brands worldwide† and â€Å"the bottling and distribution system is also adapted to local needs†. Besides, â€Å"they have restructured with a management team coordinates a new, nimble, and entrepreneurial network†. In addition, Coca-Cola â€Å"†¦. has positioned itself for growth by moving key decision making closer to lo cal market†. Virtual team is one of the team which had identified from both companies, where teams are using computer technology to tie together physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal. They can share information and ideas, make decisions, and complete tasks by using communication links. They can include members from the same company or link an organization’s members with the employees from other organization like suppliers and joint partners. (Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) LawrieTech. com has â€Å"set up a ‘Knowledge Transfer’ on the intranet to share and discuss ideas†. â€Å"Staffs are encouraged to communicate with other teams members†. Fully used of this network connection to let staffs to exchange information and ideas to each other to improve the resources of problem solving. Coca-Cola Company has existed on virtual team as it is â€Å"†¦fostering deeper connections to consumers† with their organization website. Through the network connection Coca-Cola â€Å"†¦ has been very sensitive to local market conditions†, and also â€Å"†¦recognizing the importance of international sales†. They are using the network connection to control and communicate with the other teams who are located in other countries around the world. Besides, Cross-functional team is the members come from different functional units and other part of organization with expectation of sharing information and ideas to solve organization’s problem. This team often functions as self-directed teams responding to broad, but no specific directives. Decision-making within a team may depend on consensus, but often is led by a manager or team leader. LawrieTech. com exists on cross-functional teams; however, Coca-Cola Company does not exist. LawrieTech. com’s employees are â€Å"†¦organized into flexible teams†. â€Å"Each team has the right mix of skills and apabilities† to fulfill clients’ needs to achieve their intention. Members are â€Å"†¦expected to liaise directly with clients and have a mandate to do what it takes to find solutions to their clients’ problems† and â€Å"†¦meet the very exacting the demand of clients†. Both LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola have existe d on employee involvement team, where groups of employees who meet outside their regular assignment to uncover, apply expertise to improve workplace matter. This team often formed a quality circle where they will meet about once a week to discuss their work, identify problems, and present possible solutions to management. Michael P. Dumler & Steven J. Skinner 2008) LawrieTech. com has organized â€Å"regular staff social events and outings which all enjoy†. Also, â€Å"although they have job titles, no member of staff has a specific job description suggesting that anything is possible†. They will discuss and share ideas together to improve their problem solving skill capabilities to fulfill their clients’ needs. Coca-Cola Company has existed on this team as well. â€Å"The larger the company is, the harder it is to continue to grow at a steady pace†. Therefore, â€Å"products are developed to meet the varied taste preferences of consumers†, and â€Å"Coca-Cola produces over 300 brands worldwide in addition to its flagship brands†. 2. Organizational Design and Structure Organizational Design It can be defined as the creation of roles, processes and formal reporting relationship in an organization. One can distinguish between two phases in an organization design process, which are organic design and mechanistic design. Organic organization operates with minimum bureaucratic features and with a culture that encourages workers empowerment and participation. However, mechanistic organization is an ideal organization form, and operated with bureaucratic features, like clear cut labour divisions, strict hierarchy and authority, formal rules and promotion based on competency. Organic organization has a flat structure with maximum two levels of management, which called decentralized authority. Supervisors tend to have a more personal relationship with employees. However, mechanistic organization is a centralized authority with narrow span of control, more specialist positions, and homogeneous, functional departments. (Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) The Gibson, Ivancevich, and Donnelly (1995) stated, â€Å"While the mechanistic model seeks to maximize efficiency and product, the organic model seeks to maximize satisfaction, flexibility and development† (p. 542). LawrieTech. com exists on organic design as it is a decentralized authority and there is only two levels management, which is section and team. Meanwhile, the company encourages the empowerment and participation of staffs for problems solving. It is more to be informal or personal type organization as they only have few rules in the organization. Ties are banned from the office†. Also, â€Å"†¦staffs work in flexi time† and they can â€Å"†¦approach their employer, Iain, for a chat† except in the meeting hour. There is â€Å"†¦informal and relaxed atmosphere in the office†. There are wide span of control, which only has two levels of management. LawrieTech. com is also an organization with full of intellectual capital, where there are collective brainpowers of workforce that can be used to create value. Therefore, all tasks are shared, â€Å"Although they have job titles, no member of staff has a specific job description suggesting that anything is possible†. Staffs are organized into flexible teams†. Thus, LawrieTech. com has many task forces and is considered as a small enterprise, because it only has â€Å"†¦employed 240 workers†. However, Coca-Cola is a mechanistic organization since it processes as a centralized authority, where there are â€Å"twenty-four division and operations presidents†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and it has more structured. Coca-Cola is a large company, where â€Å"†¦CEO, Douglas Daft axed 6,000 employees†. In addition, it has many rules and regulations as â€Å"twenty-four divisions and operations presidents report to the chief operating officers†. Coca-Cola Company has few task forces, because their shibboleth is one company, one group. Employees are organized into departments and tasks are specialised within their organizational structure, as they have â€Å"†¦ group of individuals, along with Coca-Cola employees and partners worldwide, are responsible for implementing the six strategic priorities† and they are â€Å"†¦ very sensitive to local market conditions†. The span of control is narrow, as â€Å"twenty-four divisions and operations presidents report to the chief operating officers†. Organizational Structure It is a hierarchical concept of subordination of entities that collaborate and contribute to serve one common aim. The structure of an organization is usually set up in one of the variety of styles, dependant on their objectives and ambience. It will determine the modes in which it shall operate and will perform. (Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) There are six types of structure have been identified in both company. First of all, LawrieTech. com exists on team structure, but Coca-Cola is less exists on this structure. Team structure is defined as it greatly use permanent and temporally teams to solve problems, complete special projects, and accomplish daily tasks. It often uses cross-functional teams. For examples, LawrieTech. com’s staffs are â€Å"†¦organized into flexible teams†. â€Å"Each team has the right mix of skills and capabilities in order to meet the very exacting demands of clients†. â€Å"†¦ regular team meeting† is held where members can exchange ideas and communicate with other team members. It helps them to mix easily. Secondly, network structure has been performing within both companies. It is a central core that is linked through networks of relationships with outside contractors and suppliers of essential services. Furthermore, the company own only core components and use strategic alliances or outsourcing to provide other components. LawrieTech. com is a network organization, where it hasâ€Å"†¦set up an intranet, ‘Knowledge Transfer’, to let staffs share and discuss ideas†. â€Å"Staffs are organized into flexible teams† to complete their tasks with perfect mix of skill capabilities. Coca-Cola Company also exists on network structure as well, because employees are organized into departments with using network connection to link to each other and â€Å"†¦recognizing the importance of international sales†. Besides, divisional structures delineate team who works on the same product or process, serve similar customers, and located in the same area or geographical region. It is more common in complex organization and in avoids problems associated with functional structure. LawrieTech. com and Coca-Cola have existed on it at the same time, but LawrieTech. com only base on customer structure. For examples, LawrieTech. com’s â€Å"†¦. business strategy involves the development of high specification customer-driven programmes with intense levels of after-sales services†. Its intention, that all of a worker has skills and capabilities to fulfill their clients’ needs. Coca-Cola Company also exists on this structure, which based on customer and geographical. As an example for customer structure, â€Å"products are developed to meet the varied taste preferences of consumers†. Coca-Cola tries to adapt to local needs, where â€Å"†¦all bottlers are local companies either independently owned or only partially owned by the Coca-Cola†. There would be the functional structure in Coca-Cola, yet LawrieTech. com does not exist. Functional structure lies in putting like specialists together, which minimizes the number necessary while allowing the pooling and sharing of specialized resources across products. (Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) Coca-Cola is trying to â€Å"†¦achieve profitability through economies of scale and by capitalizing on its existing distribution†. Boundary-less organization is the eliminating of internal boundaries among subsystems and external boundaries with the external environment. It is also a combination of team and network structures with the addition of â€Å"temporariness†. (Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) Due to the identification on the above, LawrieTech. com is a boundary-less organization. As it has been exist on team structure as well as network structure. Teams are â€Å"†¦organized into flexible teams† to achieve the perfect match of skill and capabilities. They are exchanging ideas with each other through the ‘Knowledge Transfer’. Coca-Cola Company is not a boundary-less organization since team structure is less performed in it. Finally, matrix structure is a combination of functional and divisional structure for increasing the advantages and minimized the disadvantages of each used in manufacturing, service industries, professional fields, non-profit sectors and Multinational Corporation. Coca-Cola is a matrix organization as it has simultaneously existed both functional and divisional structures, but LawrieTech. com is not a matrix structure. For examples, Coca-Cola attempts to â€Å"†¦achieve profitability through economies of scale† and also develop product to â€Å"†¦meet the varied taste preferences of consumers†. Besides, they aim to â€Å"†¦adapt to local needs† by â€Å"the bottling and distribution systems†. 3. Organizational Culture Organization culture can be defined as a system of shared meaning by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organization. (Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) At first, LawrieTech. com has been present in people orientation. People orientation is the degree of value and respect for people. â€Å"LawrieTech. om seeks to employ the best graduates available who can bring the skills and attitudes that are consistent with the company’s business philosophy and, indeed, their philosophy on life. † LawrieTech. com concern to the staffs’ working performance in their daily tasks with joyful. Through the identification, Coca-Cola does not have people orientation. Team orientation is one of the organizational cultures in the case studies. It is the degree to which work activities are organized around teams rather than individual. (Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) In LawrieTech. com, â€Å"staffs are organized into flexible teams†. Each team has the right mix of skills and capabilities in order to meet the very exacting demands of clients†. Members are â€Å"†¦liaising directly with clients† and to fulfill the clients’ needs with taking decision themselves. â€Å"†¦Regular team meeting† set up to improve the relationship between each member of other teams. Coca-Cola has also less team orientation, as it is less performed as team structure. According to case studies, innovation and risk taking is performed in both companies. It is the degree of the company willing to experiment, take risks, and encourage innovation. In LawrieTech. com â€Å"†¦staffs are able to express themselves† and be creative in their work. Also, they have a mandate to do what it takes to get problems solving to serve to their aim. Coca-Cola Company is a manufacturer company, it needs to have more innovation and risk taking to achieve its desired goal. â€Å"Products are developed to meet the varied taste preferences of consumers† and they have produced â€Å"†¦over 300 brands worldwide in addition to its flagship brands†. Coca-Cola Company introduces aggressiveness in its company. Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge (2005) stated aggressiveness is â€Å"the degree to which people are aggressive and competitive rather than easygoing† (p. 512) Coca-Cola â€Å"growth in sales has been fueled both internally and through acquisitions and licensing agreements†. Also, it has developed products â€Å"†¦to meet the varied taste preferences of consumers†. Nevertheless, LawrieTech. com is not an aggressiveness company. Coca-Cola has introduced outcome orientation, but LawrieTech. com does not exist. Outcome orientation is the degree to which management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes used to achieve those outcomes. Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge 2005) Coca-Cola is an organization which achieving their aim without focusing on undertaking the ways. It is more focus on their image and profit, so its top management â€Å"†¦axed 6,000 employees† to restructure their organization and also reduce their unnecessary cost f or maintaining its financial. Likewise, Coca-Cola is â€Å"†¦recognizing the importance of international sales, has been very sensitive to local market conditions† for their profit and gain. Conclusion Coca-Cola Company and LawrieTech. om are not being able to compare with each other, because both are not in the same line organization. Coca-Cola Company is a manufacture line company, but LawrieTech. com is a customer line organization. Employees of LawrieTech. com are working together as a team and fulfilled with needs of power for self-satisfaction and confidence. However, employees of Coca-Cola Company should be more disciplined as there are full of rules and regulations, and they need to follow instructions from top management to complete their daily tasks. Reference Books 1. Stephen P. Robbins and Timothy A. Judge (2005) Organizational Behaviour. 12th Edition. United States of America: Person Prentice Hall. P. 300-303, P. 478-485, P. 490-494. 2. Gibson, J. L. , Ivancevich, J. M. , & Donnelly, J. H. , Jr. (1995) Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes. 8th Edition. Boston, MA: Irwin. P. 542. 3. Michael P. Dumler and Steven J. Skinner (2008) A Primer for Management. 2nd Edition. United States of America: Thomson South-Western. P. 168.

Essay on The Era of Suffering The Holocaust - 915 Words

Throughout the Holocaust, Jewish people suffered in numerous and various ways. Jews suffered as a part of the Nazi plotted â€Å"Final Solution.† The Final Solution was a plan during World War II to systematically exterminate the Jewish people in Nazi-occupied Europe. This resulted in the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, the destruction of Jewish communities in continental Europe. The leader of the Nazi regime was Adolf Hitler, who believed there was a perfect race, which was the Aryan race (Bohm 4). The Aryan race had blue eyes and blonde hair, although Hitler himself was not an Aryan. Throughout the Holocaust, Jewish people suffered physically, psychologically, and financially. Jews endured physical suffering through the Holocaust. As a†¦show more content†¦Lastly, the Jewish prisoners were sometimes tortured or experimented on as lab rats, displayed by the famous inhumane experiment to create conjoined twins carried out by Josef Mengele. Jewish people were put t hrough great misery for the duration of the Holocaust. Jewish people did not only suffer physically, but psychologically throughout the Holocaust. The Jewish prisoners were deprived of food and water, which resulted in a decline of morale, cruelty among fellow prisoners instead of unity, and crushed friendships. Some of the Jews did not have the desire of anything, including the desire to live because they endured such a great amount of pain and suffering (Jewish 3). Sometimes, best friends throughout life were cruel and threatening towards one another for one small piece of bread. When Jewish people were organized by gender, families were forced to split apart and never witnessed the presence of each other again. â€Å"Men to the left! Women to the right! Eight words spoken quietly, indifferently, without emotion. Eight simple, short words. Yet that was the moment when I left my mother. 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Van Goghs Most Famous Paintings

Environmental Sustainability Carbon Emissions - 1180 Words

Introduction The world is starting to see the effects that carbon emissions, with the largest producer being China with 24.65% of the world emissions. Although Australia isn t as large as China we still produce 1.11% of the world s emissions. Now people are starting to see the effects of the Carbon Emissions and pollution is doing to the Earth. Carbon Pollution What exactly is Carbon Emissions? Carbon Emissions also known as Carbon Pollution, which is pollution through the production of Co2 (Carbon Dioxide). With the increase production of carbon emissions from industrial activity and general car emissions is now start to harm the environment, which is resulting in environmental disasters from rising sea levels from the melting of the ice caps. Another type of pollution is air pollutant, is any air pollutant that is emitted into the air. Such pollutants can involve physical, chemical, biological, radioactive substances or matter. With the increasing level of air pollutants is causing warming of the globe and low level thick smog covering major city worldwide. Environmentally Sustainability Environmental sustainability is defined as rates of renewable resource harvest, pollution creation, and non-renewable resource depletion that can be continued indefinitely. If the resource is not able to continue indefinitely then the resource is not sustainable. Green initiatives This needs to change, governments, companies and even the general public are trying to do their partShow MoreRelatedNike : An Innovative Company Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pageswith the demand from customers. According to NIKE (2016), sustainability has changed the ambitions of the company to create more innovations with less impact on environment. They called this as â€Å"sustainable innovation†. With this ambition, NIKE intended to create a sustainable business that goes hand in hand with environment and society. 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In order to reduce carbon emissions from vehicles the UK parliament enacted the Renewable Transport Fuels Obligation (RTFO) in 2007 (UK, 2007).This essay will analyse the effectivenessRead MoreThe Irreversible Rate Of Biodiversity Loss Facing Societies And Companies Is A Key Environmental Challenge Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pagescompanies is a key environmental challenge. Conservation of bio-diversity is crucial to ensure the continuous supply of ecosystem services such as seed dispersal, nutrients product, waste decom position and water and nutrients production, which support life and human activities. Other sectors such as farming, forestry, fisheries and tourism may be affected by habitat loss and local ecosystems (Pickering and Hill, 2007). Biodiversity conservation thus ensures the long-term sustainability of the sectorsRead MoreThe Canadian National Railway Company1648 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the center for international climate and environmental research Canada ranks 5th in having the largest carbon, fossil fuel, land and water consumption footprint in the world. Keeping this staggering stat in mind a few Canadian companies have begun to reverse this trend and lean towards a more sustainable means of operation. On such company is the Canadian national railway company, more popularly known as CN. About the Company: Based in Montreal Quebec, CN boasts the most comprehensiveRead MoreEnergy Usage Of The Annapolis City Government854 Words   |  4 Pages The Annapolis city government has aimed to reduce emissions by 75% by the year 2025 as well as achieve carbon neutrality by the year 2050 (Savidge 2010). In order to achieve these goals, the city government has committed to reducing energy usage by 10% in public facilities by 2017 and 15% by 2020 (Savidge 2010). The city government also plans to achieve 25% of their energy from renewable sources as well as providing greener and more energy efficient upgrades to public facilities and city transportation

Educational Psychology as a Career Free Essays

Name: John Mc Nevin I. D: 11135166 Course: BSc. Psychology Module Code: PS4032 Title: Investigation in to My Possible Career as an Educational Psychologist. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Psychology as a Career or any similar topic only for you Order Now Word Count: 910 Educational Psychology (Part One) Educational Psychologists work with students of any age in education and they work and help with the students’ psychological and educational development. They often observe the student within the educational setting and they can then sometimes intervene and recommend ways in which the students’ learning can be enhanced. This intervention can involve the educational psychologist working with the student on a personal level or by working with parents, teachers or colleagues of the student. Report writing is one task which educational psychologist would do one a regular basis, writing reports on students as they assess them. Ed. Psychologists help students to overcome obstacles which can prevent them from learning. They also evaluate the systems of education where the students are learning. They also often work with teachers by alerting them to the social factors which may influence a child’s learning. Educational psychologists may also work with children with learning disabilities and special needs, helping to create better learning conditions for them. They have discussions and meetings with the parents and teachers of the student. When they work with parents and teachers of students, careful discussion and consultation is required as the psychologists’ input and advice needs to be understood and seen as relevant to those who know little about psychology. Educational psychologists usually have a number of children/students in their care and another task which they undertake is to keep up to date records on how the learner is coping or hopefully improving. They are also charged with coming up with intervention plans to help in the learners’ educational development. To become an educational psychologist a person must study for a minimum of about 6 years. Firstly a student must complete a psychology based degree which is accredited by the Psychological Society of Ireland. Post-graduate study is essential. A MA in educational psychology is the next step. UCD offers a 2 year full time course, MA in educational psychology. Educational Psychology is also highly linked with teaching so work experience as a teacher would help greatly in the pursuit of becoming an Ed. Psychologist. Work experience is essential if a person wants to do a doctorate in Ed. Psychology. This is the optimum level of education if a person wants this career. There are many skills needed to be an educational psychologist. Excellent communication and interpersonal skills are vital to interact with the children and students you will be working with. Research and development skills are required. As you would be working with children, patience and sensitivity are essential skills. Good report writing skills are needed along with the ability to solve problems. Most of all a person needs to be committed to helping children to overcome barriers to their educational development. In the doctoral training in Ed. Psychology, students gain practical experience working with local councils. Other examples of relevant work experience includes work as a speech and language therapist, as a learning support assistant, an educational social worker, as well as a teacher and as a graduate assistant in an Educational Psychology Service. I found a lot of this information by reading a powerpoint presentation I found on the internet by Dr. Barbara Mc Donnell, Stanmillis University College. The Psychological Society of Ireland is the professional body in charge of regulating the psychology profession in Ireland. The PSI promotes high standards of psychological education and practice and it provides its member with professional networking and promotion. By becoming a student member of the PSI you gain professional recognition and professional accreditation. Students also get a reduced rate to join and membership includes subscription to a monthly magazine which will increase a students’ knowledge of psychology and keeps the members up to date on matters in Irish Psychology. I learned of this by accessing the PSI website. Likely employers of educational psychologists include councils and schools. However in Ireland in the present climate there is little in the way of employment in schools as an Ed. Psychologist so there is then the option to set up a private practice. I was told this when I interviewed an Educational Psychologist named Yvonne Cunningham about Educational Psychology as a career. She gave me a great insight into what it would be like to be a professional educational psychologist and she gave me a lot of the information I gathered for this investigation. Part Two I’ve always enjoyed being educated in school and before choosing to do psychology in college I was seriously considering being a teacher. My mother is also a national school teacher which I believe influenced me to have an interest in education. I also believe that I have very good inter-personal skills and great patience and I thoroughly enjoy working with children. During Transition Year I spent a week on work experience in an Irish speaking National School and I loved this experience of working in education. After researching Educational Psychology as a career I still have a keen interest in it as a potential future career, however I am still undecided. By completing this assignment I have learned a lot about what it is to be an Educational Psychologist and I am a lot more interested in it now after researching it. I am keen to learn more about this area of psychology. References UCD website courses and programmes[accessed 27/02/2012]. Retrieved from http://www. ucd. ie/education/graduateprogrammes/taughtprogrammes/masterofartsineducationpsychologymaep/ Psychological Society of Ireland [accessed 27/02/2012] Retrieved from http://www. psychologicalsociety. ie/ How to cite Educational Psychology as a Career, Essay examples

Case Study Analysis for Starbucks Corporation †Sample Solution

Question: Describe about the Case Study Analysis for Starbucks Corporation. Answer: Introduction This assignment is about the case study analysis of the company Starbucks Corporation. It is an American coffee supply chain founded in the year of 1971 in Seattle, Washington. Jerry Baldwin, Zev Seigl and Gordon Bowker are the founder of the company. Presently the company is operating in more than 23,000 locations all over the world (Starbucks, 2016). The main products of Starbucks are Coffee beverages, baked food, tea and different types of smoothies. Total revenue of the company is US$ 19 billion (till 2015) (Starbucks, 2016). There are more than 238,000 employees, work for the company. Mission and vision statement of the company reflect the emphasis of the company on leadership in the coffee industry. Careful review of the website reveals that the vision statement of the company is to establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles while we grow (Starbucks, 2016). It includes some major components like: Finest quality of coffee in the world Premier purveyance Growth Uncompromising principles The mission statement of the company is To inspire and nurture the human spirit one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time (Starbucks, 2016). Problems and Challenges It has been found that Starbucks is one of the few organizations that continuously started to grow during the time period of 2001-2001. However, the company has to face various issues at the marketplace. For instance service quality and employee retention and motivation were the continuous problems for the company (Starbucks, 2016). It has been found that rapid expansion of the company is challenged by the fatigue of employees. It has been found that employees and store managers of the company are overworked and underpaid. Pricing is also another major issue that the company has to face in recent times. Lemus et al (2015) stated that, presently coffee industry is in crisis. Price of coffee has become lowest. For this reason, coffee companies have to improvise innovative strategies to reduce the price of their products. However, Starbucks has not lowered consumer process and depends on product differentiation. Although maintaining profitability is becoming challenging task for the com pany even taking account for the premium quality products in the coffee industry. There are various other controversies that the company has to face related with market strategy, labor disputes and opening stores without planning permission. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis of the company given below: Strengths Financial performance of the company is considered as one of its major strengths. It helps the company to become the number one coffee company. It is valued more than $4 Billion which is major strength compared to its competitors The intangible strengths of the company is its brand value that symbolizes excellence. The company provides high quality products to customer at a reasonable price. Starbucks is known for its pioneering people management in the industry where hard skills and soft skills of people can make the difference between failure and success. Weaknesses The business performance of the company is highly dependent on its key input, which are coffee beans. In case of profitability, the company depends on the price of coffee beans. Hence, the company must need to diversify its products to reduce this type of dependence (Geereddy, 2012). The company is facing issues related with procurement practices. There are various environmental and social activists pointed out the unethical procurement practices incorporated by Starbucks in order to collect coffee beans. The company has priced its products from premium to middle range. For this reason, the company is not able to gain the market share of lower end customers. Opportunities The company has a huge opportunity to expand its market in the emerging markets of India and China. There are billions of customers in these two countries eagerly waiting to join the customer pool of Starbucks. The company also the opportunity to expand its product offerings and become a full scale food and beverage retailers like Burger king and McDonalds. Threats Rising prices of the Coffee beans is one of the major threats that the company might has to face in future (Ayub et al., 2013). Presently the company has to face intense competition from local coffeehouses and spatiality stores. Economic fluctuations, recession and saturation of US market are some common threats the company has to face in future (Yuece, 2012). Porters 5 forces Analysis Porters 5 force analysis for the company Starbucks have been given below: Competitive rivalry or competition (strong force) The company Starbucks is facing string competitive rivalry from companies like Dunkin Donuts and McDonalds and various other specialty coffee houses. Grant (2016) stated that, there are various external factors that have increased the market competition for the company. They are such as: Large number of companies Large variation of food and beverage companies Low switching cost Bargaining power of buyers or customers (strong force) It has been found that the consumers of Starbucks have strong bargaining power. There are three major external factors that have contribution to the strong bargaining power of consumers: Lower switching cost for customers Large number of product substitution available Small size of the individual buyers Bargaining power of suppliers (weak force) Suppliers of the company have lower bargaining power. There are some external factors that contribute to the weak force of bargaining power for suppliers. They are such as: High variety of the suppliers (weak force) Huge amount of overall supply (weak force) Moderate size of individual suppliers (moderate force) Threat of substitutes or substitution (strong force) Starbucks has also experienced strong threat of product substitution. Customers can easily shift to other company because there are various foods and beverage products available at local coffeehouses and restaurants. Roby (2012) mentioned that the cost of product substitution is low because customers have to pay less for the shifting process. For this reason, the company has to consider the threat of substitutes as it highest priority concerns. Threat of new entrants or new entry (moderate force) Threat of new entrants can be considered moderate for the company Starbuck. There are some external factors affected the threat of new entrants. They are such as: Moderate supply Chain cost (moderate force) Moderate cost of doing business (moderate force) High cost of brand development (weak force) VRIO analysis With the help of VRIO analysis the resources and capabilities of the company Starbucks can be assessed. They are mentioned below in the table: Resource or capability Valuable Rare Inimitable and non-substitutable Organized to exploit Impact on competitive advantage Strong Global presence Yes Yes Yes Yes Help to get sustainable competitive advantage Specialty coffees Yes No No Yes Realized competitive parity Cozy and friendly atmosphere Yes Yes No Yes Provides temporary competitive advantage Strong Global presence of the company: Starbucks is considered as the largest coffee company globally (Borza Borza, 2014). The passions of grate coffee and community connection are the main reason behind this strong global presence for the organization. Presently the company has 5,500 coffee stores in more than 50 countries (Sureerattanan, 2013). Premium coffee products: The Company offers different unique and satisfying beverages that other competitors cannot offer. The company also provides calorie information for these products in the menu. This makes the menu more appealing for different segment of customers. However these specialty coffee products are not actually rare. Companies like Dunkin Donuts and various other local coffee shops develop these types of products. Hence they are not rare. Friendly atmosphere: Cozy atmosphere is one of the major advantages of the company. It enables customers to enjoy their coffee with or without any companion. Problem Statement: Starbucks, at present is confronting a difficult choice. The question is that should the organization expand globally, or should it consider other alternatives that can enhance the profitability of the organization within its local market. Strategic Alternatives Available : Global expansion- Starbucks has so far dominated the market of the Asia Pacific, European and Latin American countries. However, in case the organization is willing to sustain itself, it must consider the wider scope of global expansion. The food retailing organizations such as McDonalds and KFC, has expanded even in the Asian countries, that has given them greater public recognition, increased consumer value and competitive advantage. Hence, it is advised that the organization adopts the global expansion strategy keeping in mind the Asian markets. Development of non-dairy product The organization can consider the possibility of introducing a variety of product alternatives, such as pumpkin spice latte or coconut milk that can help the organization gain competitive advantage within its territorial zone, without availing expansion. The organization can consider the sale of unique and innovative products that will help it capture consumer attention easily. The company Starbucks has to focus on increasing product alternatives. The company can introduce Sumatra Coconut milk. It will be a creamy and delicious alternative to the dairy beverages available at the coffee shops. This product will be made from single origin coconuts from the tropical Indonesian island of Sumatra. From various research and development activities and after adding various recipes, it has been found that it is the best alternative of Starbucks hot coffee, ice tea and Frappuccino. However, before introducing this product in the market, the company has to make appropriate market campaign about the product. It will increase customers attraction towards the new product coconut milk. It should be noted that the Americans have an unusual fascination with non-dairy products, and hence the shift in focus from the production of dairy products is being considered to be lucrative. The organization can consider focusing on the production of beverages, instead of the production of the dairy products. Innovative Promotional Strategy: The organization must adopt an innovative promotional strategy that will set it apart from the other organizations. The effective use of catchy logos, proper branding and effective PR strategies can easily help the organization gain greater reputation among the masses. Starbucks must consider the idea of segmenting the target audience, and selecting the effective strategies accordingly. The youngsters may find the concept of drinking coffee cool, and hence the organization can promote its products via advisements that the young consumers can relate to. The organization can also consider the option of providing coffee cups, at free of cost, to the selected, most loyal consumers. Implementation of the Best Alternative: The best alternative chosen is the global expansion of the organization. The organization can gain a competitive edge over the other organizations. Though the adoption of the alternative strategies can help to boost the sale of the products as well, it should be noted that global expansion will help in increasing the revenue and annual share of profit by multiple times. Besides, though the organization is highly recognized in any part of the world, yet the organization can promote the brand and goodwill of the organization, through the expansion strategy. It should be noted that its major competitors, such as McDonalds and KFC, use expansion strategy, and hence can effectively gain greater competitive advantage. Besides, the expansion strategy can also be utilized for engaging in CSR activities, if the organization intends to gain greater recognition. The company can consider setting up stores in the economically unprivileged local communities of developing countries. This action, ev en as a part of the business strategy, helps in offering a solution for social change, while promoting the goodwill of the company. Thus, the organizations engagement in the CSR strategy will help it in opening up employment opportunities for a minimum of 26 people, in each region. This will not only solve the socio-economic problems plaguing these regions, but will also help in improving the reputation of the organization. Conclusion This assignment is about the case study analysis of the company Starbucks. It has been found that Starbucks is one of the leading coffee business chains not only in USA but also in all over the world. Presently the company is operating in more than 23,000 locations all over the world (Doherty Lu, 2012). The main products of Starbucks are Coffee beverages, baked food, tea and different types of smoothies. The company has to face various issues related with service quality, employee retention and motivation. There are various other controversies that the company has to face related with market strategy, labor disputes and opening stores without planning permission. In order to analyze the current position of the company, SWOT analysis, Porters 5 forces analysis and VRIO analysis have been undertaken. The company has a huge opportunity to expand its market in the emerging markets of India and China. There are billions of customers in these two countries eagerly waiting to join the cust omer pool of Starbucks. The company also the opportunity to expand its product offerings and become a full scale food and beverage retailers like Burger king and McDonalds. Rising prices of the Coffee beans is one of the major threats that the company might have to face in future. In order to solve these issues, there some recommendations have been provided to the company along with appropriate implementation strategy. Reference list Ayub, A., Adeel, R., Muhammad, S. A., Hanan, I. (2013). A conceptual framework on evaluating SWOT analysis as the mediator in strategic marketing planning through marketing intelligence.European Journal of Business and Social Sciences,2(1), 91-98. Borza, S. I., Borza, I. C. (2014). A Broad Analysis of Marketing Strategies for their Incorporation as Activities in a User Centred Process.Procedia Economics and Finance,16, 239-250. Doherty, N., Lu, F. V. (2012). Strategic Marketing: Models and Plans.Service Science Research, Strategy and Innovation: Dynamic Knowledge Management Methods: Dynamic Knowledge Management Methods, 417. Frynas, J. G. (2015). Strategic CSR, value creation and competitive advantage.The Routledge Companion to Non-Market Strategy, 245-262. Geereddy, N. (2012). Strategic Analysis Of Starbucks Corporation. Gong, Y. (2013). Resource-Based Fundamentals. InGlobal Operations Strategy(pp. 141-172). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Lawton, T. C., Rajwani, T. S. (2015). Where next for non-market strategy?.The Routledge Companion to Non-Market Strategy, 412. Leih, S., Linden, G., Teece, D. (2014). Business model innovation and organizational design: a dynamic capabilities perspective. Lemus, E., Von Feigenblatt, O. F., Orta, M., Rivero, O. (2015). Starbucks Corporation: Leading Innovation in the 21st Century.Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences,7(1), 23-38. Roby, L. R. (2012). An Analysis of Starbucks as a Company and an International Business. Starbucks. (2016).Starbucks Coffee Company. Retrieved 23 November 2016, from https://www.starbucks.in/ Sureerattanan, N. (2013). Applying SWOT Analysis to Solve a Learning Problem: An Experiential Case at Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology. In2013 International Conference on Educational Research and Sports Education (ERSE 2013). Atlantis Press. Yuece, I. (2012). SWOT Analysis of McDonalds and Derivation of Appropriate Strategies.